para testar se a capacidade de uma pen é real no debian:

instalar o f3
#aptitude update && aptitude install f3

identificar o device e diretoria onde foi montado:
#lsblk

o resultado:

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 953M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 954M 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 221,7G 0 part
└─sda3_crypt 254:0 0 221,7G 0 crypt
├─vg00-swap 254:1 0 9,3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─vg00-root 254:2 0 18,6G 0 lvm /
├─vg00-var 254:3 0 9,3G 0 lvm /var
└─vg00-home 254:4 0 184,5G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 1 1,9T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 1,9T 0 part /media/xana/Ricardo

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

escrever na pen enquanto for possível:
#f3write /media/xana/Ricardo

verificar se podem ser lidos:
#f3read /media/xana/Ricardo

melhor método:
#f3probe --destructive --time-ops /dev/sdb

o resultado:

F3 probe 6.0
Copyright (C) 2010 Digirati Internet LTDA.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.

WARNING: Probing normally takes from a few seconds to 15 minutes, but
it can take longer. Please be patient.

Bad news: The device `/dev/sdb' is a counterfeit of type limbo

You can "fix" this device using the following command:
f3fix --last-sec=29510175 /dev/sdb

Device geometry:
*Usable* size: 14.07 GB (29510176 blocks)
Announced size: 1.91 TB (4096000000 blocks)
Module: 2.00 TB (2^41 Bytes)
Approximate cache size: 511.00 MB (1046528 blocks), need-reset=no
Physical block size: 512.00 Byte (2^9 Bytes)

Probe time: 29'59"
Operation: total time / count = avg time
Read: 1'41" / 2097717 = 48us
Write: 27'01" / 8373588 = 193us
Reset: 1'15" / 2 = 37.92s

remediar a situação:
#f3fix --last-sec=29510175 /dev/sdb

https://www.linuxbabe.com/command-line/f3-usb-capacity-fake-usb-test-li…