speed

dmesg | grep -i sata | grep 'link up'

dmesg | grep -i --color ahci
dmesg | grep -i ahci | grep -i --color Gbps

smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep "^SATA"
smartctl -i /dev/sdb | grep "^SATA"

hdparm -I /dev/sda | egrep "Model|speed|Transport"

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-command-to-find-sata-harddisk-link-…

sudo lsusb -vvv |grep -i -B5 -A5 bcdUSB

https://askubuntu.com/questions/162434/how-do-i-find-out-usb-speed-from…

lsusb -t

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/2082/is-my-usb-2-0-device-runn…

executar o comando:
lspci -vv

e procurar no resultado o endereço do barramento, neste caso uma plava nvme pcie-e: